This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. This is a natural ecological restoration. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. We have carried out some investigations. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. However, many land reclamation activities are not development-centered, but business-centered. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Land can either be physical or economic. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. Simplicity and transparency. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Answer this Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. I have this example for you. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. The problem of this action is that the nipa palm forest after being cleared is repossessed by the government for infrastructural developments, which rather than reduce the negative effect worsen the situation of the coast. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. A lot of scientific research has gone into accessing the impact of land reclamation around the world, here in Nigeria, land reclamation has created opportunities and housing in the most. ( See also city; urban planning .) The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). 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