On the other hand, a board of citizens with no particular expertise in one area or another may become dominated by the districts hired management, or fooled by consultants, as happened with some local governments and their investment portfolios in the 1990s and 2000s. The judicial branch is in an odd position. Once the Federal government has come up its own federal po View the full answer Previous question Next question NetsalesNetincome(loss)TotalassetsShareinformationSharesoutstandingatyear-endPreferreddividends2014$1,117,20466,176855,33864,507,000-0-2013$1,124,59154,587838,07866,282,000-0-. The Constitution of the United States provides for a separation of powers to exist between state and federal governments. The judicial branch is more powerful because:1. Descriptive representation refers to representation based on characteristics of constituents. So, for example, self-service gasoline remains illegal in Oregon, while the drinking age in Louisiana is 19. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} Although it is possible for a unitary government to make decisions quickly, the structure can lack in the infrastructure it needs to implement the choices it makes. Explain your position using the textbook as a reference point. Specifically providing clean water, proper sewage systems, and garbage disposal. To excited over those annexations; they require petitions from a majority of landowners within a target area just to get started. Critical Thinking Essay (5 Points) What are the opportunities and limitations for presidential leadership in the contemporary political system? b. Campell's surge-and-decline theory suggests that midterm elections favor the opposition of the current president because the less interested voters who would normally vote in favor of the current president during the presidential elections stay home during the midterm elections. The opportunities for presidential leadership in the current political system centers around technology. The purpose of the unitary government is to have the few control the many. Every authorization for assistance must come through the centralized government. Because the unitary government functions through a centralized structure, it is not unusual for it to fail to meet local needs. Strong private protection laws In what ways might the patronage system be made more efficient? (a) What was the companys earnings per share for each year? These range from counties to cities to special purpose districts, local governments designed to provide and manage a particular kind of service. This consideration would also be relevant to local officials. Sometimes states and municipalities do not comply with these laws and the matters get tied up in the courts for years. This system is used in many countries worldwide, including the United States. It can protect homeowners home values, because youre going to have a harder time selling your home if somebody builds a Wal-Mart or other large store around the corner. M.A. Local authorities are able to adapt to local needs and react more quickly to local problems than central government. Reference. Sub-national governments manage local affairs on behalf of national governments. Short Answer (2 Points) What do the appointments of the Supreme Court's two newest justices, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, reveal about the changing court system? If the state has the power to enact their own law, then it must be in compliance with what the Constitution demands. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? "What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? But for the most part, a state government, via the legislature, could in fact combine school districts, towns or even counties if they decided there was some reason to do so. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? The U.S. Constitution gave the federal government more power by adding two new branches, the legislative and executive branch. 2. Investing one dollar in certain ocean themes can yield at least five dollars in global benefits over the next 30 years, according to research commissioned by the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. Other powers are then granted to the collective states, while a handful of responsibilities are shared by both. Instead of working with local governing officials, the centralized state will send a delegate to oversee the needs of each community. Governmental department below the national government, which borrow or share power from that government to manage the affairs of a particular region or locality. Their licenses helped make this book available to you. In which level of substate government would you be most likely to get involved? \text{Net sales}&\text{\$\hspace{1pt}1,117,204}&\text{\$\hspace{1pt}1,124,591}\\ A state case is more likely to be heard by the federal courts when ________. Since this delegation may not include the power to make needed changes to protect people, the absence of an independent local government can sometimes cause more harm than good. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? It can also have a slower national response in localized emergencies. For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page. https://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/ch What is the difference between unitary and federal systems? The other countries in this confederation have their own governments, but they cannot enact laws that would impact any other part of the UK. The national government is huge and complex, and competing with all the other citizens of the country to have your voice heard and make an impact would be difficult. In rural areas, special purpose districts may be created to manage pest control and irrigation, allowing local farmers to pool their resources and provide common service to a wider number of people. This freedom can also be interpreted as a disadvantage. Under a ________ political culture, citizens will tend to be more tolerant of corruption from their political leaders and less likely to see politics as a noble profession in which all citizens should engage. Thus influencing the thoughts and ideas of the people. a. Senate approval is needed for the appointment of justices and federal judges. Log in here. The evidence, arguments, and cases all have an influence on the rulings as well. A unitary government can decide at its leisure what is legal or illegal in society. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The autonomy of states or provinces will depend if the overall system of government is federal or unitary. In the context of voting laws, its possible to argue that the subnational governments are doing what the Founding Fathers feared the federal government would do: behave undemocratically. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? People are rarely given an opportunity to interact with their governing officials unless they have a specific need to fill, such as the creation of official identification materials. Is it preferable for representatives in the state legislature to behave as trustees or as delegates? A large national government can do much more to distribute goods efficiently and use its bargaining power to lower costs to the taxpayer. is a female SMB owner or is concerned about the limited access to money affecting the business? Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. This is the level of government closest to citizens, and the one most likely to have an immediate impact on your life. 1. It is important to analyze the various advantages and disadvantages of term limits in all levels of government, as well. What are the advantages and disadvantages of liberalism and radicalism? Cities are more like mini-mini-republics, usually with some kind of elected council. There are no overlapping districts, issues with gerrymandering, or political polarization because everything operates through the central system. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 license. Is it preferable for representatives in the state legislature to behave as trustees or as delegates? That may provide some inconvenience at times, but it can also reduce the risk of an unknown violation of the law. Already a member? 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Many at the Continental Congress were skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature because ________. The dual court system refers to the existence of both a state and federal court. What are the four types of government (oligarchy, aristocracy, monarchy, democracy)? This disadvantage is the precise reason why the United States created a federated state instead. From then on first ladies have become even more active and influential. In the United States, the average person is subject to the laws of four different co-equal governing bodies simultaneously. Defend your answer. The basic premise upon which the United States was founded is that the people rule the government. It creates less confusion over the governing process for the average citizen. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. The role of first ladies has expanded tremendously over the years. When this happens, its usually because one of these local governments is too small to support itself. How does he formulate his argument? Sub-national governments manage local affairs on behalf of national governments. Counties play a big role in local government in some states and less so in others, providing services and serving as regional governments in larger metropolitan areas. States will decide what graduation requirements are for high school, and sometimes set requirements for college basic requirements. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Do bureaucrats accomplish much? It is likely to be more efficient to run services locally than manage them from the centre. \text { LIMITED ACCESS }\\ In your treatment, highlight the role of her contemporaries (friends & foes) and those who wrote about her in late years, in constructing her inaccurate reputation. 1. States have a major say in transportation issues, aside from the interstate freeway system, which was created by the federal government. Because it must suddenly become everything to everyone, the processes can get significantly bogged down. Some of the factors that contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century include technology, which party controls Congress, and the crisis that occurs. \text{Net income (loss)}&\text{\hspace{19pt}66,176}&\text{\hspace{19pt}54,587}\\ However, with many levels of government can come an incredible number of rules, policies, and laws for citizens to wade through. Instead of dividing a persons loyalties between the state and the national government, everyone is placed in a position where they work to support one another. The Advantages 1. The pros and cons of a unitary government work to balance the needs of a nation with what a community requires for dialing living. When there is a unitary government which offers no degree of autonomy to the areas under its control, then the sub-national regions are not allowed to decide their own laws at any time. You can research the effectiveness of sub-national governments. Why? The Constitution of the United States provides for a separation of powers to exist between state and federal governments. Recent tests have revealed Steve has fatty liver, which concerns him. Explain." Short Answer (2 points): What are some examples of the enumerated powers granted to Congress in the Constitution? You can understand the people's needs and they will be a priority. Local governments can then focus on their micro-economy, create solutions for needs that occur in their community, and support the national government with their actions simultaneously. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? Justices can serve for life, as long as they are mentally and physically capable. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. The trend toward descriptive representation suggests that constituents want their representatives to be similar to them as if that will make their representatives more understanding of the issues and more apt to fix them. 7. The distribution of power is often a source of debate because disputes over the rights of each state can arise, requiring the judicial system to step in to sour things out. Discuss why or why not. Limitations for presidential leadership in the current political system include the current situation of other countries and the U.S. economy. However, that all changed in the 1930s and 1940s when Elanor Roosevelt became active in the Civil Rights movement. He also has high cholesterol and recently started taking a lipid-lowering medication. Sometimes ambiguity among people about the responsibility of state at different levels. The president signs legally binding nuclear arms terms with Iran without seeking congressional approval. Remember that the status of sub-national or local depends on whether the nation operates under a federal or under a unitary system. So, federally funded programs such as welfare and Medicare/Medicaid will be funneled through state offices, with the states and the federal government sharing funding responsibility. The federal government often does what it can to alleviate this, but it cannot completely solve the problem. When it is structured correctly, then it can offer affordable local services through a centralized and efficient decision-making process. 21. Term limits do exist for members of Congress in less than half of all American states. That means the decisions it makes are typically based on its own survival first instead of taking the interests of the population under consideration. Countries worldwide, including the United States was founded is that the people the dual court system refers the! 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