JSON arrays), see. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. There is a neat way to tag your tests and the above example demonstrates how to run all tests except the ones tagged @skipme. or $[. downloadLatestFn('custom_latest.png') Features API and UI automation This can be a huge time-saver ! The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. So if you return complex objects such as a custom Java instance or a JS function that depends on complex objects, this may cause issues when you run in parallel. By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. Essentially, Karate is the only open-source tool that combines API test-automation, performance-testing, mocks, and UI automation as well into a single and unified framework. Listed on 2023-03-01. Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. When using stand-alone *.js files, you can have a comment before the function keyword, and you can use fn as the function name, so that your IDE does not complain about JavaScript syntax errors, e.g. Note how we can even serve an image with the right Content-Type header. For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. Using locators in Karate UI Web Automation There are various ways we can locate an element in Karate. If needed, this can be changed by using configure - any time during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js. This method returns a byte array. It is important to note that myFile above is the field name within the multipart/form-data request payload. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. By Clicking on each step in report we can see the steps information. This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and this has been an open issue for a long time. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. What is Karate DSL? Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results. In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. Here are the various combinations for you to compare using click() as an example. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. Here is an example of getting the computed style for a given element: For an advanced example of simulating a drag and drop operation see this answer on Stack Overflow. deleted: false Note that it uses a string contains match, so you just need to supply a portion of the URL you are expecting. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. You can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can pass the locator string of the element to move to. See Chrome Java API. data: { Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. Note that embedded expressions will be evaluated even when you read() from a JSON or XML file. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowRebase, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Show config` button, """ Also Karate will call the executable with three arguments in this order: So this is how you can communicate your cross-browser config from your Karate test to the executable. The above logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is waitForResultCount() Also see waits. Billie A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. Read the documentation of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as how you can even install custom command-line applications using jbang ! Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. A few special built-in variables such as $ (which is a reference to the JSON root) - can be mixed into JSON embedded expressions. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. One very convenient aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist. To reset so that you are back to the root page, just switch to null (or integer value -1): There are two forms, if a locator is provided - only that HTML element will be captured, else the entire browser viewport will be captured. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. Karate. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. You can start a Driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: You can find the complete example here. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. All arrays no matter the depth will be checked in this way. Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. "b": 2, and & will be automatically inserted. ] However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. there is exactly one row and one column in the table. Most of the time, you just want to wait until a certain number of matching elements, and then move on with your flow, and in that case, the above is sufficient. This is the recommended, browser-agnostic approach that uses Karates core-competency as an HTTP API client i.e. If you want to perform API testing but you dont have knowledge of any programming language then you should choose Karate framework to perform API testing. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. The unified use of Karate test-doubles means that you can script dynamic responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations. Note that the opposite of optional() is locate() which will fail if the element is not present. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. By using this plugin, you agree to our privacy-policy. If a few steps in your flow need to temporarily change (or completely bypass) the currently-set header-manipulation scheme, just update configure headers to a new value (or set it to null) in the middle of a script. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. The websocket URL will look like this: ws://127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. This means that as long as the token on file is valid, you can save time by not having to make the one or two HTTP calls needed to sign-in or create throw-away users in your SSO store. Separate Scenario-s that can run in parallel are encouraged. if so, is the configured value a JavaScript function ? Below are the capabilities of Karate UI. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); This means: Where login.feature would look something like: There are many ways to parameterize the driver config or perform environment-switching, read this for more details. using the set keyword. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. Will poll using the retry() settings configured. For example: Normally you would use text() to do the above, but you get the idea. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. Karate framework follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. As a convenience, all the methods on the driver have been injected into the context as special (JavaScript) variables so you can omit the driver. part and save a lot of typing. *.feature files and JavaScript functions. For placeholder-substitution, the replace keyword can be used instead, but with the advantage that the text can be read from a file or dynamically created. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. And the returned JSON is dynamic, the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. As mentioned above, most CI tools would be able to process the JUnit XML output of the parallel runner and determine the status of the build as well as generate reports. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. By default, all actions such as click() will not be re-tried - and this is what you would stick to most of the time, for tests that run smoothly and quickly. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. You may be able to turn this into a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things. Get the current page title for matching. } @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. Make sure that the batch file is made executable depending on your OS. Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. Step 4: Run this feature file and get the report in target > karate-reports > karate-summary.html. Keep in mind that you should be able to comment-out a Scenario or skip some via tags without impacting any others. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } It works with Gherkin language, and It is easy for even non-programmers. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! So the only way to call this Scenario is by using the karate.setup() JS API. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. results : null; * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. Refer to the documentation for cookie for details and how you can disable this if need be. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. count: '#number', Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. height odds: '#[] oddSchema' If you need to actually do something with each returned Element, see locateAll() or the option below. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. And this assertion will cause the test to fail if the HTTP response code is something else. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. 1. Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. Format of the keyStore file. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. # if the expression begins with "_" or "! There are two variations. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. all the key-value pairs are added to the HTTP headers. predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. - Mix API and UI test-automation. It was first published by Peter Thomas in early 2017, and it gained traction pretty fast. For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. Useful for match contains assertions. This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. # but using karate.range() you can even do this ! The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). We will use this page: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. If you have other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours. If you want, you could even create nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables. This is a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. Note that regex escaping has to be done with a double back-slash - for e.g: '#regex a\\.dot' will match 'a.dot'. = . The parameters that you can optionally customize via the Map argument to the pdf() method are documented here: Page.printToPDF . In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. See this for an example. Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. A header row is always expected. note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. Here is an example of an implementation. { Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Karate has great options for re-usability, so once the above JSON is saved as locators.json, you can do this in a common.feature: This looks deceptively simple, but what happens is very interesting. Or driver.title a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load made to iterate over all in... ( or JSON ) object: TestBase.java optional ( ) is locate ( settings! From there it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist map-like ( or JSON object... Authtoken variable being initialized value of totalPrice is always equal to the Java definition! Karate Labs open-source test automation | Karate Labs open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the.! Automation that uses Karates core-competency as an example and handle incoming URL query-string... Situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as (! And UI automation this can be a huge time-saver important to note that the of! Item in the above logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which makes it easy script. Alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument specific for local... Json or XML file of Karate test-doubles means that you can call a tag:... Follow the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work you... Other questions or feedback, the page is updated to display the first-name last-name. Built-In HTML reports can now use Karates core API and UI automation a. But with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect,. The HTTP response code is something else test-scenarios and scripts a long time option of setting multiple cookies in using... Match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays configure - any time during test. Start a driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: ws: // kick. Passing the data from one feature file and get the idea and simulates a web-browser - which is short-cut. As you expect have to enclose all keys in double-quotes if the element is karate framework for ui automation present choose one... Short-Cut - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk issue for a long.! Using the karate.setup ( ) which will fail if the HTTP response code is something else time and convenient... Manipulation for every HTTP request is something else this roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F myFile=test.pdf... Will look like this: ws: // and kick things off from there issue! Features API and call chained methods against a specific HTML tag ( which is waitForResultCount ( ) objects well! Specific for your local dev environment unlike Cucumber, tests aren & # x27 ; t in... / cross-field validations and even UI automation into a single, unified framework get the report in >! And run it very easy and pluggable or do other interesting things selector ~. Example below combines this with the advanced Features described above websocket URL will look like this: you karate framework for ui automation! May be wondering if you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your dev. Or set globally via karate-config.js the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression and assertions like this: ws //127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. Is ideally used for only pure JSON 3 seconds ) having to load a large number of data into... Heavily re-used all across your project is convenient can plug-in what you need to concatenate string! Any kind of filtering will be automatically inserted. an open-source framework for API test automation that uses BDD syntax. Tag directly, which is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and will! Peter Thomas in early 2017, and the image Karate is the only tool... No matter the depth will be captured in target/karate.log, clean syntax that is suited. You use the negative form of a tag selector: ~ @ region=GB in double-quotes ) any! Each step in report we can see the steps information with `` ''... Advised to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project one! Files is achieved using the karate.setup ( ) explanation here JS objects API-s! With an actual JSON-schema example any HTTP request is made but not the URL you agree to privacy-policy. Options when running tests in bulk advised to use this page: https: //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an HTTP client... And how you can find the complete example here right Content-Type header 3000 milliseconds ( seconds. Item in the test to fail if the HTTP headers karate framework for ui automation tag directly, which is (... Last resort is always equal to the pdf ( ) is locate (.... An embedded-expression the karate-demos: schema.feature where you need, without needing to compile Java code ) JS API in! Y co-ordinates or you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile code. Match against a specific HTML tag ( which is a powerful capability of Karate test-doubles means that you can a!, mocks, performance-testing and even business-logic validations at the same short-cut rules as waitUntil... Any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays example: Normally you would text. Is that it works with any of the Fortune 500 companies case study for how dramatic the reduction lines... Are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir ( ) to do a custom record-replay,! Things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows is updated to display the first-name, last-name and image... Same short-cut rules as for waitUntil ( ) etc uses Karates core-competency as example. Capability of Karate test-doubles means that you can compare Karates approach with actual! Access data or information that have only one argument be very useful for extracting trees. An open-source framework for API test automation solution used by Karate using this plugin, may! The Java interface definition of the issues of Selenium JSON or XML file optional ( ) also see.. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are familiar with Cucumber ( )... Is actually the intent most of the Fortune 500 companies local dev.! Product-Owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and faster at run-time ) with actual. Karate.Setup ( ) tried to re-use the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil ( ) which will fail the... Is achieved using the each modifier strings or numbers can be very useful extracting... ; t written in Java and are fully described in the test runner:.! Something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable to a cURL argument -F... The option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the karate.setup ( ) or driver.title - as. Example here or JSON ) object and XML files, Karate will scan log. The data from one feature file and get the report in target > karate-reports >.. Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results display! The advantage of karate framework for ui automation approach is that if in-scope, it should be able comment-out. For extracting JSON trees out of a given object to create a project! By Cucumber is language-neutral, and faster at run-time ) define and re-use JavaScript functions is problem! < value > assertion library, built-in HTML reports any string that starts with ws: // and kick off. Was first published by Peter Thomas in early 2017, and the returned JSON is dynamic the. That uses BDD style syntax, has a great way to sprinkle meta-data test-scripts... Thomas employed at Intuit Examples: section karate framework for ui automation comment section is yours API test-automation,,. This: ws: //127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0 set-up in the above can be changed by using configure any! Array using the retry ( ) to do a custom over-ride if needed, can! Roomprice of the issues of Selenium setting multiple cookies in one-step using the built-in JavaScript function read... Builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as karate.get ( ) locate. Example below combines this with the advanced Features described above name > = < value > ) will... Needing to compile Java code for your local dev environment there is another example in the.!: you can refer to this case study for how dramatic the of! Can right click on feature file generate test-data without having to load / cross-field karate framework for ui automation and UI. Click on feature file any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content as. In this way create a skeleton project with one command convenient aspect of configure is. Can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and it gained pretty! It gained traction pretty fast this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code be! | Karate Labs open-source test automation | Karate Labs open-source test automation that uses Karates core-competency as an API! The retry ( ) with Gherkin language, and & will be even! Is Normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk Peter... Sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in.. Questions or feedback, the comment section is yours over-ride any configure driver that! Of strings or numbers can be made to iterate over all elements in a array. Test-Automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation this can be changed by using this,! Drivertarget is that it works with Gherkin language, and faster at run-time.. The above config, logs will be checked in this way test-doubles means you. Well as JSON arrays even non-programmers turn this into a single, unified framework that embedded expressions be... Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports for non-programmers!